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Allopathic System of Medicine

INTRODUCTION TO ALLOPATHIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE IN INDIA

For centuries man has evolved several ways of coping with illness and different societies have looked for different substances and methods that would ease pain and elevate spirits. All the ancient civilizations have thus developed their own medical systems which reflect not only specific philosophies but also appear to be influenced by the social beliefs and practices of the time. With the introduction of the Western system of medicine well-known as the “allopathic system” and considered “modern”, this ancient system came to be known as the “traditional” or “indigenous” system.

A gale of hurricane proportions which could devastate the country already burdened with a grossly inadequate and fragile healthcare system is gathering momentum within the country. 542 medical colleges are dispensing education in the mainstream allopathic system to 80,205 undergraduate (MBBS) students.

Allopathic medicine refers to science-based, modern medicine, such as the use of medications or surgery to treat or suppress symptoms or the ill effects of disease. There are regional variations in usage of the term. In the United States, the term is used to contrast with osteopathic medicine, especially in the field of medical education.

This treatment methodology follows the western therapeutic framework and is spread all over the world. It is fundamentally a drug oriented methodology and lies upon three techniques such as hypothesis, experimentation and the outcome of the experiment. The effectiveness of allopathic medicines is very helpful during an emergency and save many people's life all around the world.

The main demerits of allopathic medicines are inherent side effects. The medicines which are used in the allopathic treatment is aimed to cure only the particular disease, and at the same time gives birth to another disease in the body.

COURSES OFFERED UNDER ALLOPATHIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE IN INDIA

Undergraduate (5.5 Year including 1 year of rotationary internship)	Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS)
Post Graduate Diploma (2 Years)	Post Graduate Diploma (PGD)
Postgraduate (3 Years)	Doctor of Medicine (MD)
Postgraduate (3 Years)	Master of Surgery (MS)
DNB (3 Years)	Doctorate of National Board (DNB)
College of Physicians and Surgeons (2 Years)	College of Physicians and Surgeons (CPS)
Fellowship CPS (3 Years)	Fellowship in CPS (FCPS)
Super Specialization (3 Years)	Doctorate of Medicine (DM)
Super Specialization (3 Years)	Master of Chirugiae (MCH)
Post Diploma DNB (2 Years)	Post Graduate DNB (Secondary) Courses

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA OF UNDER GRADUATE MEDICINE COURSE IN INDIA

One should have completed a Higher Secondary (School) Certificate (HSC) or (10+2, or high school) with the Science stream, including the subjects Biology, Chemistry and Physics with minimum 50% Marks aggregate for General and EWS Category and 40% for Reserved Category (SC, ST, SEBC).
English as one of the subject and have passed in that.
17 years of age must be completed by 31st December in the year of admission.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA OF POST GRADUATE MEDICINE COURSE IN INDIA - Post Graduate Diploma,MD,MS,DNB,CPS,FCPS

Candidates in possession of MBBS degree or Provisional MBBS Pass Certificate recognized as per the provisions of the Indian Medical Council Act 1956 and possess permanent or provisional registration certificate of MBBS qualification issued by the Medical Council of India or State Medical Council.
Completed one year of internship or are likely to complete the internship on or before 31st March of the year of admission

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA OF POST DIPLOMA DNB COURSE IN INDIA

Candidates who have passed the Final Examination leading to the award of Post Graduate Diploma from Indian Universities which are duly recognized as per provisions of Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 ie have passed/passing the final examinations for Post Graduate Diploma on or before 31st December of the year of admission.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA OF SUPER SPECIALIZATION MEDICINE COURSE IN INDIA

Candidates who are in possession of recognized post graduate medical degree (MD/MS/DNB) / Provisional Pass Certificate or an equivalent recognized qualification or likely to be in possession of the same by 15th July of the year of admission.

ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR UNDER GRADAUTE MEDICINE COURSE

Sr. No.	Name of the Exam	Institutes/Courses falling under this exam	Conducted By	Notification for Exam	Application for Exam	Exam
1	NEET- UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test- Under Graduate)	1) NEET -UG is applicable for MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BHMS for: i. All India Quota Seats ii. State Government Quota Seats iii. Central Institutions/ Universities/ Deemed Universities iv. State/Management/NRI Quota Seats in Private Medical / Dental/ Ayurveda/ Homoeopathy Colleges or any Private University v. Central Pool Quota Seats. 2) NEET UG is also applicable for admission in JIPMER, Pondicherry and Karaikal 3) NEET UG is also applicable for admission in MBBS Course of AIIMS (New Delhi) and 14 other AIIMS (Bathinda, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Deogarh, Gorakhpur, Jodhpur, Kalyani, Mangalagiri, Nagpur, Patna, Raipur, Rae Bareli, Rishikesh and Telangana)	NTA (National Testing Agency)	Issued in the month of August/September every year	Application Starts in November	Exam is conducted in September

ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR POST GRADAUTE MEDICINE COURSE

Sr. No.	Name of the Exam	Institutes/Courses falling under this exam	Conducted By	Frequency of Exam	Notification for Exam	Application for Exam	Exam
1	NEET- PG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test)	NEET -PG is applicable for Postgraduate MD/MS/Diploma Courses: i. All India 50% quota seats (all States/UT's ii. State/UT's quota seats. Iii. All Private Medical Colleges, Institutions & Universities/Deemed Universities all across the country iv. Armed Forces Medical Services Institutions. v. Post MBBS DNB Courses and Post MBBS NBE Diploma Courses. vi. CPS & FCPS Courses	NBE (National Board of Examination)	Once (July Session)	Issued in the month of February	Application Starts in February	Exam is conducted in April
2	INI-CET (Institute of National Importance Combined Entrance Test)INI-CET (Institute of National Importance Combined Entrance Test)	1) INI CET leads to Admisison in MD/ MS/ DM (6 Years) and MCH (6 Years) Courses in i. AIIMS New Delhi ii. AIIMS Bhopal iii. AIIMS Bhubaneshwar iv. AIIMS Jodhpur v. AIIMS Nagpur vi. AIIMS Patna vii. AIIMS Raipur viii. AIIMS Rishikesh 2) Leads to admission in MD & MS Courses in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry 3) Leads to admission in PGIMER (Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Chandigarh 4) Leads to admission in MD/Diploma in NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences), Bengaluru for the following courses: i. MD Psychiatry ii. Master of Health- Epidemiology iii. Diploma in Psychological Medicine	AIIMS (New Delhi)	Twice (July and January Session)	Issued in the month of March and September	Application Starts in March and September	Exam is conducted in May and November
3	Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum	Leads to admission in Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum for the following courses: i. MD (Transfusion Medicine) ii. PG Diploma Courses	Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum	Once (January Session)	Issued in the month of September	Application Starts in September	Exam is conducted in November

*DNB CET is cancelled from 2019. Admission to DNB courses would be made through NEET- PG only.

ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR SUPER SPECIALIZATION MEDICINE COURSE

Sr. No.	Name of the Exam	Institutes/Courses falling under this exam	Conducted By	Frequency of Exam	Notification for Exam	Application for Exam	Exam
1	National Eligibility cum Entrance Test- Super Speciality (NEET SS)	NEET -SS is applicable admission into DM/ MCh for: i. All DM / MCh courses in the country including all Private Medical/Colleges/Institutions/Universities/ Deemed Universities. ii. All DM / MCh courses at Armed Forces Medical Services Institutions. iii. All DNB SS Courses.	NBE (National Board of Examination)	Once January (Session)	Issued in August	Application Starts in August	Exam is conducted in September
2	AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences)- AIIMS-SS	AIIMS -SS is applicable admission into Post Graduate and Post-Doctoral Courses- DM / MCH and MD Hospital Administration for AIIMS- New Delhi, Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Rishikesh, Bhopal, Patna and Raipur	AIIMS, New Delhi	Twice in a year (July and January Session)	Issued in the month of March and September	Application starts in March and September	Exam is conducted in April and November
3	JIPMER(Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research)- JIPMER- SS	JIPMER- SS is applicable for admission into DM/MCH Courses in JIPMER, Pondicherry	JIPMER, Pondicherry	Once in a year January (Session)	Notification is issued in September	Application starts in October	Exam is conducted in December
4	NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences)- SS	NIMHANS- SS is applicable for the following DM/M.Ch. Courses: DM Child & Adolescent Psychistry DM Neuroanaesthesia & Neurocritical Care DM Neurology DM Neuropathology DM Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology DM Geriatic Psychiatry DM Addiction Psychiatry DM Forensic Psychiatry MCH Neurosurgery	NIMHANS, Bengaluru	Once (January Session)	Issued in the month of September	Application starts in October	Exam is conducted in December
5	PGIMER (Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Chandigarh	Leads to admission in DM and M.Ch. Courses in PGIMER (Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research), Chandigarh	PGIMER, Chandigarh	Twice in a year (July and January Session)	Issued in the month of March and September	Application Starts in March and September	Exam is conducted in May and November
6	Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum	Leads to admission in Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum for DM & M.Ch. Courses	Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum	Once (January Session)	Issued in the month of September	Application Starts in September	Exam is conducted in November

BRANCHES & SPECIALIZATIONS UNDER POST GRADUATE MEDICINE COURSE

Sr. No.	Branches of Medicine	Definitions	Name of the Degree
1	Anatomy	The branch of science that studies the physical structure of animals, plants, and other organisms	MD/MS – Anatomy
2	Anaesthesiology	It is the practice of medicine dedicated to the relief of pain and total care of the surgical patient before, during and after surgery	MD – Anaesthesiology
3	Dermatology	A branch of medicine that deals with the skin, hair, and nails	MD - Dermatology , Venereology & Leprosy
4	Gynaecology	It is diagnosis and treatment of the female reproductive system	MD/MS - Obstetrics & Gynaecology
5	Microbiology	A branch of Biology that contains the scientific study of microscopic organisms and their effects	MD – Microbiology
6	Obstetrics	It involves care of women during and after pregnancy	MD/MS - Obstetrics & Gynaecology
7	Ophthalmology	A branch of medicine that deals with the eyes	MD/MS – Ophthalmology
8	Orthopaedics	A branch of medicine that deals with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system	MS – Orthopaedics
9	Otorhinolaryngology	A branch of medicine that deals with the ears, nose and throat	MS – ENT
10	Pathology	It is the study of causes and pathogenesis of diseases	MD – Pathology
11	Paediatrics	A branch of medicine that deals with the general health and well-being of children and in some countries like the U.S. young adults	MD – Paediatrics
12	Pharmacology	The science or study of drugs, especially of the ways in which they react biologically at receptor sites in the body, The effects that a drug has when taken by somebody, especially as a medical treatment	MD – Pharmacology
13	Psychiatry	A branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders	MD – Psychiatry
14	Pulmonology	A branch of medicine that deals with the respiratory system	MD - Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases / Pulmonary Medicine
15	Radiology	A branch of medicine that employs medical imaging to diagnose and treat disease	MD - Radio Diagnosis/Radiology
16	Radiotherapy	The treatment of disease using radiation X-rays or beta rays directed at the body from an external source or emitted by radioactive materials placed within the body	MD - Radio Therapy
17	Surgery	A branch of medicine that uses operative techniques to investigate or treat both disease and injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance	MS - General Surgery

BRANCHES AND SPECIALIZATIONS UNDER CPS COURSE

Sr. No.	Specializations available under CPS
1	Diploma in Anaesthesia
2	Diploma in Child Health
3	Diploma in Gynaecology & Obstetrics
4	Diploma in Pathology and Bacteriology
5	Diploma in Orthopaedics
6	Diploma in Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery
7	Diploma in Medical Radiology and Electrology
8	Diploma in General Surgery
9	Diploma in General Medicine
10	Diploma in Dermatology and Venereology
11	Diploma in Medical Radiology and Electrology
12	Diploma in Psychological Medicine
13	Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Health
14	Diploma in Tuberculosis Diseases
15	Diploma in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ENT)
16	Diploma in Public Health

BRANCHES AND SPECIALIZATIONS UNDER FCPS COURSE

Sr. No.	Specializations available under FCPS
1	FCPS in Anaesthesia
2	FCPS in Child Health
3	FCPS in Dermatology
4	FCPS in Medicine
5	FCPS in Midwifery and Gynaecology
6	FCPS in Ophthalmology
7	FCPS in Oto - Rhino – Laryngology (ENT)
8	FCPS in Orthopaedics
9	FCPS in Surgery
10	FCPS in Pathology

BRANCHES & SPECIALIZATIONS UNDER SUPER SPECIALIZATION MEDICINE COURSE

Sr. No.	Branches of Medicine	Definitions	Name of the Degree
1	Cardiology	A branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the blood vessels	DM – Cardiology
2	Endocrinology	A branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the endocrine system	DM – Endocrinology
3	Gastroenterology	A branch of medicine that deals with the study and care of the digestive system	DM – Gastroenterology/ M.Ch - Surgical Gastroenterology/G.I. Surgery
4	Neonatology	The branch of medicine that deals with the care and development of new-born babies and the treatment of their diseases	DM – Neonatology
5	Nephrology	A branch of medicine which deals with the kidneys	DM – Nephrology
6	Neurology	A branch of medicine that deals with the brain and the nervous system	M.Ch - Neuro Surgery/ DM – Neurology
7	Oncology	A branch of medicine that studies the types of cancer	DM – Oncology/ M.Ch - Surgical Oncology
8	Urology	A branch of medicine that deals with the urinary system of both sexes and the male reproductive system	M.Ch - Urology/ Genito-Urinary Surgery